Questions
1. a claim about the inability to control emotions
Select
A. The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin. His 'The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals', published in 1872, divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. More complex expressions of emotions were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that, whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well, many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared world-wide. It is as if they are hard-wired into the brain. B. Research into the expression of emotions has now resulted in the publication of an interactive DVD called Mind Reading, which claims to display every human emotion. One of the leading researchers involved is Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his original intention was to aid people with autism, who have difficulty both recognising and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Novelists, actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expressions, and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development. C. But though we find it difficult to describe many emotions, we instantly recognise one when we see one. 'Even when the actors were struggling to get an emotion, there was a split second when it was absolutely there. It was really clear when they'd got it,' says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although the actors were given some direction, they were not told which facial muscle must be moved to look teasing or terrorised or triumphant. D. Fear, for example, uses the 'action units' of the inner brow raiser, the outer brow raiser, the brow lowering depressor supercilii, the levator palpebrae superioris, the risorius (which stretches the lips), and the masseter (which drops the jaw) all at the same time. Ekman catalogued these combinations into the 'facial action coding system' - a system that, he claims, can be used to read a person's thoughts via their face. E. But although codification of expression is possible, it can't necessarily be reproduced. 'One of the important markers of an emotion is that it starts prior to consciousness,' says Ekman. 'Decisions and evaluations happen in our brain so quickly that we don't know we're having an emotion until it has started happening. We can't decide to be happy or sad; it simply happens to us. F. Surprisingly, the most difficult expression to conjure up is the smile. According to Ekman. a smile isn't only about flexing the lips but tightening the tiny muscles that orbit the eye, the orbicularis oculi. These are more difficult to control, and few people can achieve it. If we learn to recognise whether someone is using their orbicularis oculi when they smile, we can distinguish true enjoyment from false.
2. various fields which could make use of research into conveying feelings
Select
A. The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin. His 'The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals', published in 1872, divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. More complex expressions of emotions were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that, whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well, many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared world-wide. It is as if they are hard-wired into the brain. B. Research into the expression of emotions has now resulted in the publication of an interactive DVD called Mind Reading, which claims to display every human emotion. One of the leading researchers involved is Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his original intention was to aid people with autism, who have difficulty both recognising and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Novelists, actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expressions, and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development. C. But though we find it difficult to describe many emotions, we instantly recognise one when we see one. 'Even when the actors were struggling to get an emotion, there was a split second when it was absolutely there. It was really clear when they'd got it,' says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although the actors were given some direction, they were not told which facial muscle must be moved to look teasing or terrorised or triumphant. D. Fear, for example, uses the 'action units' of the inner brow raiser, the outer brow raiser, the brow lowering depressor supercilii, the levator palpebrae superioris, the risorius (which stretches the lips), and the masseter (which drops the jaw) all at the same time. Ekman catalogued these combinations into the 'facial action coding system' - a system that, he claims, can be used to read a person's thoughts via their face. E. But although codification of expression is possible, it can't necessarily be reproduced. 'One of the important markers of an emotion is that it starts prior to consciousness,' says Ekman. 'Decisions and evaluations happen in our brain so quickly that we don't know we're having an emotion until it has started happening. We can't decide to be happy or sad; it simply happens to us. F. Surprisingly, the most difficult expression to conjure up is the smile. According to Ekman. a smile isn't only about flexing the lips but tightening the tiny muscles that orbit the eye, the orbicularis oculi. These are more difficult to control, and few people can achieve it. If we learn to recognise whether someone is using their orbicularis oculi when they smile, we can distinguish true enjoyment from false.
3. an example of an expression which is hard to fake
Select
A. The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin. His 'The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals', published in 1872, divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. More complex expressions of emotions were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that, whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well, many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared world-wide. It is as if they are hard-wired into the brain. B. Research into the expression of emotions has now resulted in the publication of an interactive DVD called Mind Reading, which claims to display every human emotion. One of the leading researchers involved is Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his original intention was to aid people with autism, who have difficulty both recognising and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Novelists, actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expressions, and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development. C. But though we find it difficult to describe many emotions, we instantly recognise one when we see one. 'Even when the actors were struggling to get an emotion, there was a split second when it was absolutely there. It was really clear when they'd got it,' says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although the actors were given some direction, they were not told which facial muscle must be moved to look teasing or terrorised or triumphant. D. Fear, for example, uses the 'action units' of the inner brow raiser, the outer brow raiser, the brow lowering depressor supercilii, the levator palpebrae superioris, the risorius (which stretches the lips), and the masseter (which drops the jaw) all at the same time. Ekman catalogued these combinations into the 'facial action coding system' - a system that, he claims, can be used to read a person's thoughts via their face. E. But although codification of expression is possible, it can't necessarily be reproduced. 'One of the important markers of an emotion is that it starts prior to consciousness,' says Ekman. 'Decisions and evaluations happen in our brain so quickly that we don't know we're having an emotion until it has started happening. We can't decide to be happy or sad; it simply happens to us. F. Surprisingly, the most difficult expression to conjure up is the smile. According to Ekman. a smile isn't only about flexing the lips but tightening the tiny muscles that orbit the eye, the orbicularis oculi. These are more difficult to control, and few people can achieve it. If we learn to recognise whether someone is using their orbicularis oculi when they smile, we can distinguish true enjoyment from false.
4. the name of a process by which facial expressions can be classified
Select
A. The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin. His 'The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals', published in 1872, divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. More complex expressions of emotions were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that, whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well, many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared world-wide. It is as if they are hard-wired into the brain. B. Research into the expression of emotions has now resulted in the publication of an interactive DVD called Mind Reading, which claims to display every human emotion. One of the leading researchers involved is Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his original intention was to aid people with autism, who have difficulty both recognising and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Novelists, actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expressions, and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development. C. But though we find it difficult to describe many emotions, we instantly recognise one when we see one. 'Even when the actors were struggling to get an emotion, there was a split second when it was absolutely there. It was really clear when they'd got it,' says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although the actors were given some direction, they were not told which facial muscle must be moved to look teasing or terrorised or triumphant. D. Fear, for example, uses the 'action units' of the inner brow raiser, the outer brow raiser, the brow lowering depressor supercilii, the levator palpebrae superioris, the risorius (which stretches the lips), and the masseter (which drops the jaw) all at the same time. Ekman catalogued these combinations into the 'facial action coding system' - a system that, he claims, can be used to read a person's thoughts via their face. E. But although codification of expression is possible, it can't necessarily be reproduced. 'One of the important markers of an emotion is that it starts prior to consciousness,' says Ekman. 'Decisions and evaluations happen in our brain so quickly that we don't know we're having an emotion until it has started happening. We can't decide to be happy or sad; it simply happens to us. F. Surprisingly, the most difficult expression to conjure up is the smile. According to Ekman. a smile isn't only about flexing the lips but tightening the tiny muscles that orbit the eye, the orbicularis oculi. These are more difficult to control, and few people can achieve it. If we learn to recognise whether someone is using their orbicularis oculi when they smile, we can distinguish true enjoyment from false.
5. a contrast between the ability to recognise an emotion and the ability to describe its expression
Select
A. The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin. His 'The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals', published in 1872, divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. More complex expressions of emotions were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that, whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well, many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared world-wide. It is as if they are hard-wired into the brain. B. Research into the expression of emotions has now resulted in the publication of an interactive DVD called Mind Reading, which claims to display every human emotion. One of the leading researchers involved is Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his original intention was to aid people with autism, who have difficulty both recognising and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Novelists, actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expressions, and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development. C. But though we find it difficult to describe many emotions, we instantly recognise one when we see one. 'Even when the actors were struggling to get an emotion, there was a split second when it was absolutely there. It was really clear when they'd got it,' says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although the actors were given some direction, they were not told which facial muscle must be moved to look teasing or terrorised or triumphant. D. Fear, for example, uses the 'action units' of the inner brow raiser, the outer brow raiser, the brow lowering depressor supercilii, the levator palpebrae superioris, the risorius (which stretches the lips), and the masseter (which drops the jaw) all at the same time. Ekman catalogued these combinations into the 'facial action coding system' - a system that, he claims, can be used to read a person's thoughts via their face. E. But although codification of expression is possible, it can't necessarily be reproduced. 'One of the important markers of an emotion is that it starts prior to consciousness,' says Ekman. 'Decisions and evaluations happen in our brain so quickly that we don't know we're having an emotion until it has started happening. We can't decide to be happy or sad; it simply happens to us. F. Surprisingly, the most difficult expression to conjure up is the smile. According to Ekman. a smile isn't only about flexing the lips but tightening the tiny muscles that orbit the eye, the orbicularis oculi. These are more difficult to control, and few people can achieve it. If we learn to recognise whether someone is using their orbicularis oculi when they smile, we can distinguish true enjoyment from false.
6. a belief that most expressions are linked to culture
Select
A. The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin. His 'The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals', published in 1872, divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. More complex expressions of emotions were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that, whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well, many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared world-wide. It is as if they are hard-wired into the brain. B. Research into the expression of emotions has now resulted in the publication of an interactive DVD called Mind Reading, which claims to display every human emotion. One of the leading researchers involved is Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his original intention was to aid people with autism, who have difficulty both recognising and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Novelists, actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expressions, and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development. C. But though we find it difficult to describe many emotions, we instantly recognise one when we see one. 'Even when the actors were struggling to get an emotion, there was a split second when it was absolutely there. It was really clear when they'd got it,' says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although the actors were given some direction, they were not told which facial muscle must be moved to look teasing or terrorised or triumphant. D. Fear, for example, uses the 'action units' of the inner brow raiser, the outer brow raiser, the brow lowering depressor supercilii, the levator palpebrae superioris, the risorius (which stretches the lips), and the masseter (which drops the jaw) all at the same time. Ekman catalogued these combinations into the 'facial action coding system' - a system that, he claims, can be used to read a person's thoughts via their face. E. But although codification of expression is possible, it can't necessarily be reproduced. 'One of the important markers of an emotion is that it starts prior to consciousness,' says Ekman. 'Decisions and evaluations happen in our brain so quickly that we don't know we're having an emotion until it has started happening. We can't decide to be happy or sad; it simply happens to us. F. Surprisingly, the most difficult expression to conjure up is the smile. According to Ekman. a smile isn't only about flexing the lips but tightening the tiny muscles that orbit the eye, the orbicularis oculi. These are more difficult to control, and few people can achieve it. If we learn to recognise whether someone is using their orbicularis oculi when they smile, we can distinguish true enjoyment from false.
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