Questions
1. mention of co-operative efforts between archivists and producers of printed materials
Select
A. Nowadays, the seeds of future history may be flowing from the World Wide Web and the internet directly into people's homes, and the Library of Congress and other archivists are trying to create new systems to ensure the information is saved. It's a big job, they say, but also a big opportunity. ‘We are given an opportunity through the digital medium to create libraries and disseminate knowledge in ways never possible before, and if we take the wrong steps, we could lose not only this opportunity, but also that part of our cultural heritage that's in digital form,’ says Brewster Kahle, founder of the Interact Archive. B. Kahle says he knows of ‘no good, archived, internet collection pre-1996’, and he feels that's a shame. But, he adds, it is not unprecedented in history. ‘The early versions of whatever media are usually lost,’ he says. ‘Early films were recycled for their silver content. Any books from the first 50 years of printing demand a very high price, because they rarely exist. And the library of Alexandria (an attempt to archive collected knowledge of the ancient world) is best known for being burned by three successive governments - first the Romans, then the Christians, then the Muslims.’ C. Still, archivists don't want to fall behind this time if they can help it. Recently, Congress appropriated $100 million to the Library of Congress to develop a national program to preserve digital in formation. To that end, the library is consulting with prominent publishers of materials available on the internet, such as copyrighted professional journals, news sites and webzines, attempting to reach agreement on preservation standards and work out deals for archiving information. Currently, publishers can claim copyright, store all the information themselves and forbid local duplication and storage by libraries and archives. D. Such information is important to the library, the US Copyright Office, and other libraries with growing and ageing collections of music CDs, CD-ROMs, and DVDs, that may need to duplicate collections to save the data. Experts say the internet is even stronger example of the here-today-gone-tomorrow aspect of the digital age. Preservation efforts must begin now, they say, as archivists often cite conventional wisdom that the average life of web page is about two months. E. Kahle says the Internet Archive has taken ‘snapshots’ of all legally accessible parts of the internet every two months, so that people in future will have some idea how it looked and what surfing the web circa 1996 to 2001 was like, However, not all areas can be saved by the Internet Archive's automated sweeps, since some are password protected, or are designated as off-limits by site creators (for example, some parts of ABCNEWS.com are forbidden to archivists). So far, the archive has collected 40 terabytes* of information, about double the amount of digital space it would take to store the Library of Congress's collection of text-based material, Kahle says. The archive plans to transfer its data to new hard drives every five years so that the information it contains is not lost to decaying digital bits.
2. an outline of the risks now facing archivists and the potential benefits of their work
Select
A. Nowadays, the seeds of future history may be flowing from the World Wide Web and the internet directly into people's homes, and the Library of Congress and other archivists are trying to create new systems to ensure the information is saved. It's a big job, they say, but also a big opportunity. ‘We are given an opportunity through the digital medium to create libraries and disseminate knowledge in ways never possible before, and if we take the wrong steps, we could lose not only this opportunity, but also that part of our cultural heritage that's in digital form,’ says Brewster Kahle, founder of the Interact Archive. B. Kahle says he knows of ‘no good, archived, internet collection pre-1996’, and he feels that's a shame. But, he adds, it is not unprecedented in history. ‘The early versions of whatever media are usually lost,’ he says. ‘Early films were recycled for their silver content. Any books from the first 50 years of printing demand a very high price, because they rarely exist. And the library of Alexandria (an attempt to archive collected knowledge of the ancient world) is best known for being burned by three successive governments - first the Romans, then the Christians, then the Muslims.’ C. Still, archivists don't want to fall behind this time if they can help it. Recently, Congress appropriated $100 million to the Library of Congress to develop a national program to preserve digital in formation. To that end, the library is consulting with prominent publishers of materials available on the internet, such as copyrighted professional journals, news sites and webzines, attempting to reach agreement on preservation standards and work out deals for archiving information. Currently, publishers can claim copyright, store all the information themselves and forbid local duplication and storage by libraries and archives. D. Such information is important to the library, the US Copyright Office, and other libraries with growing and ageing collections of music CDs, CD-ROMs, and DVDs, that may need to duplicate collections to save the data. Experts say the internet is even stronger example of the here-today-gone-tomorrow aspect of the digital age. Preservation efforts must begin now, they say, as archivists often cite conventional wisdom that the average life of web page is about two months. E. Kahle says the Internet Archive has taken ‘snapshots’ of all legally accessible parts of the internet every two months, so that people in future will have some idea how it looked and what surfing the web circa 1996 to 2001 was like, However, not all areas can be saved by the Internet Archive's automated sweeps, since some are password protected, or are designated as off-limits by site creators (for example, some parts of ABCNEWS.com are forbidden to archivists). So far, the archive has collected 40 terabytes* of information, about double the amount of digital space it would take to store the Library of Congress's collection of text-based material, Kahle says. The archive plans to transfer its data to new hard drives every five years so that the information it contains is not lost to decaying digital bits.
3. details of methods being used to preserve information from the internet
Select
A. Nowadays, the seeds of future history may be flowing from the World Wide Web and the internet directly into people's homes, and the Library of Congress and other archivists are trying to create new systems to ensure the information is saved. It's a big job, they say, but also a big opportunity. ‘We are given an opportunity through the digital medium to create libraries and disseminate knowledge in ways never possible before, and if we take the wrong steps, we could lose not only this opportunity, but also that part of our cultural heritage that's in digital form,’ says Brewster Kahle, founder of the Interact Archive. B. Kahle says he knows of ‘no good, archived, internet collection pre-1996’, and he feels that's a shame. But, he adds, it is not unprecedented in history. ‘The early versions of whatever media are usually lost,’ he says. ‘Early films were recycled for their silver content. Any books from the first 50 years of printing demand a very high price, because they rarely exist. And the library of Alexandria (an attempt to archive collected knowledge of the ancient world) is best known for being burned by three successive governments - first the Romans, then the Christians, then the Muslims.’ C. Still, archivists don't want to fall behind this time if they can help it. Recently, Congress appropriated $100 million to the Library of Congress to develop a national program to preserve digital in formation. To that end, the library is consulting with prominent publishers of materials available on the internet, such as copyrighted professional journals, news sites and webzines, attempting to reach agreement on preservation standards and work out deals for archiving information. Currently, publishers can claim copyright, store all the information themselves and forbid local duplication and storage by libraries and archives. D. Such information is important to the library, the US Copyright Office, and other libraries with growing and ageing collections of music CDs, CD-ROMs, and DVDs, that may need to duplicate collections to save the data. Experts say the internet is even stronger example of the here-today-gone-tomorrow aspect of the digital age. Preservation efforts must begin now, they say, as archivists often cite conventional wisdom that the average life of web page is about two months. E. Kahle says the Internet Archive has taken ‘snapshots’ of all legally accessible parts of the internet every two months, so that people in future will have some idea how it looked and what surfing the web circa 1996 to 2001 was like, However, not all areas can be saved by the Internet Archive's automated sweeps, since some are password protected, or are designated as off-limits by site creators (for example, some parts of ABCNEWS.com are forbidden to archivists). So far, the archive has collected 40 terabytes* of information, about double the amount of digital space it would take to store the Library of Congress's collection of text-based material, Kahle says. The archive plans to transfer its data to new hard drives every five years so that the information it contains is not lost to decaying digital bits.
4. a similarity between the treatment of internet and older types of media
Select
A. Nowadays, the seeds of future history may be flowing from the World Wide Web and the internet directly into people's homes, and the Library of Congress and other archivists are trying to create new systems to ensure the information is saved. It's a big job, they say, but also a big opportunity. ‘We are given an opportunity through the digital medium to create libraries and disseminate knowledge in ways never possible before, and if we take the wrong steps, we could lose not only this opportunity, but also that part of our cultural heritage that's in digital form,’ says Brewster Kahle, founder of the Interact Archive. B. Kahle says he knows of ‘no good, archived, internet collection pre-1996’, and he feels that's a shame. But, he adds, it is not unprecedented in history. ‘The early versions of whatever media are usually lost,’ he says. ‘Early films were recycled for their silver content. Any books from the first 50 years of printing demand a very high price, because they rarely exist. And the library of Alexandria (an attempt to archive collected knowledge of the ancient world) is best known for being burned by three successive governments - first the Romans, then the Christians, then the Muslims.’ C. Still, archivists don't want to fall behind this time if they can help it. Recently, Congress appropriated $100 million to the Library of Congress to develop a national program to preserve digital in formation. To that end, the library is consulting with prominent publishers of materials available on the internet, such as copyrighted professional journals, news sites and webzines, attempting to reach agreement on preservation standards and work out deals for archiving information. Currently, publishers can claim copyright, store all the information themselves and forbid local duplication and storage by libraries and archives. D. Such information is important to the library, the US Copyright Office, and other libraries with growing and ageing collections of music CDs, CD-ROMs, and DVDs, that may need to duplicate collections to save the data. Experts say the internet is even stronger example of the here-today-gone-tomorrow aspect of the digital age. Preservation efforts must begin now, they say, as archivists often cite conventional wisdom that the average life of web page is about two months. E. Kahle says the Internet Archive has taken ‘snapshots’ of all legally accessible parts of the internet every two months, so that people in future will have some idea how it looked and what surfing the web circa 1996 to 2001 was like, However, not all areas can be saved by the Internet Archive's automated sweeps, since some are password protected, or are designated as off-limits by site creators (for example, some parts of ABCNEWS.com are forbidden to archivists). So far, the archive has collected 40 terabytes* of information, about double the amount of digital space it would take to store the Library of Congress's collection of text-based material, Kahle says. The archive plans to transfer its data to new hard drives every five years so that the information it contains is not lost to decaying digital bits.
5. the length of time material usually remains on the internet
Select
A. Nowadays, the seeds of future history may be flowing from the World Wide Web and the internet directly into people's homes, and the Library of Congress and other archivists are trying to create new systems to ensure the information is saved. It's a big job, they say, but also a big opportunity. ‘We are given an opportunity through the digital medium to create libraries and disseminate knowledge in ways never possible before, and if we take the wrong steps, we could lose not only this opportunity, but also that part of our cultural heritage that's in digital form,’ says Brewster Kahle, founder of the Interact Archive. B. Kahle says he knows of ‘no good, archived, internet collection pre-1996’, and he feels that's a shame. But, he adds, it is not unprecedented in history. ‘The early versions of whatever media are usually lost,’ he says. ‘Early films were recycled for their silver content. Any books from the first 50 years of printing demand a very high price, because they rarely exist. And the library of Alexandria (an attempt to archive collected knowledge of the ancient world) is best known for being burned by three successive governments - first the Romans, then the Christians, then the Muslims.’ C. Still, archivists don't want to fall behind this time if they can help it. Recently, Congress appropriated $100 million to the Library of Congress to develop a national program to preserve digital in formation. To that end, the library is consulting with prominent publishers of materials available on the internet, such as copyrighted professional journals, news sites and webzines, attempting to reach agreement on preservation standards and work out deals for archiving information. Currently, publishers can claim copyright, store all the information themselves and forbid local duplication and storage by libraries and archives. D. Such information is important to the library, the US Copyright Office, and other libraries with growing and ageing collections of music CDs, CD-ROMs, and DVDs, that may need to duplicate collections to save the data. Experts say the internet is even stronger example of the here-today-gone-tomorrow aspect of the digital age. Preservation efforts must begin now, they say, as archivists often cite conventional wisdom that the average life of web page is about two months. E. Kahle says the Internet Archive has taken ‘snapshots’ of all legally accessible parts of the internet every two months, so that people in future will have some idea how it looked and what surfing the web circa 1996 to 2001 was like, However, not all areas can be saved by the Internet Archive's automated sweeps, since some are password protected, or are designated as off-limits by site creators (for example, some parts of ABCNEWS.com are forbidden to archivists). So far, the archive has collected 40 terabytes* of information, about double the amount of digital space it would take to store the Library of Congress's collection of text-based material, Kahle says. The archive plans to transfer its data to new hard drives every five years so that the information it contains is not lost to decaying digital bits.
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