Question 1
1. Farmers and horticulturalists have made considerable advances, replacing crops they grow to better suit the new conditions. However, plant breeders will need to show considerable ingenuity if they are to develop varieties that can overcome the acute water shortages that are forecast.
The agricultural sector is being too conservative and resistant to innovation.
Question 2
2. For natural ecosystems the rate of change is crucial. If it is low, the plants and animals and fish will be able to keep up; if it is high, only the most adaptable species are likely to survive.
If global warming is slow, it will affect different regions in different ways.
Question 3
3. The tuatara, a large lizard-like reptile, is a good example of this. Its sex is determined by the temperature at which the eggs are incubated. Too warm (currently above 22°C) and they become predominantly male—and males already outnumber females by nearly two to one.
The tuatara is vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions.
Question 4
4. New Zealand’s own greenhouse emissions are tiny, around 0.5% of the global total. Even if New Zealanders were to achieve the government’s target of carbon neutrality, this would have no discernible impact on global climate change.
New Zealand must reduce its carbon emissions if it wants to slow down the development of global warming.
Question 5
5. More than perhaps anywhere else, pay in Japan is linked to seniority.
Unlike other places, employees in Japan get paid according to the years they are employed.
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