Question 1
1. The threat of famine, which could be caused by a prolonged drought or the sudden change in the course of a river, forced people to look outside their families, and work with their neighbours to create an elaborate system of dams, channels and canals to manage water.
When there were food shortages, farmers relied mainly on the help of their relatives.
Question 2
2. Aries scrutinized medieval pictures and diaries, and found no distinction between children and adults as they shared similar leisure activities and often the same type of work.
Aries pointed out that children did different types of work as adults during the Middle Ages.
Question 3
3. Aries, however, pointed out that this is not to suggest that children were neglected, forsaken or despised. The idea of childhood is not to be confused with affection for children.
During the Middle Ages, going to work necessarily means children were unloved indicated by Aries.
Question 4
4. The worst forms of child exploitation were gradually eliminated partly through factory reform but also through the influence of trade unions and economic changes during the nineteenth century which made some forms of child labour redundant.
The rise of trade unions majorly contributed to protecting children from exploitation in the 19th century.
Question 5
5. Children were being treated as a group with distinctive needs and they were organised into groups according to their age.
Children’s needs were much differentiated and categorised based on how old they are.
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