Questions 18 - 21 Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet.
原文
A Ever had a song stuck in your head, playing on an endless loop? Scientists call them ‘involuntary musical images’, or 'earworms', and a wave of new research is shining light on why they occur and what can be learned from them. Some neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists are studying earworms to explore the mysteries of memory and the part of the brain that is beyond our conscious control. The idea that we have full control over our thought processes is an illusion,* says psychologist Lauren Stewart, who founded the master's program in music, mind and brain at Goldsmiths, University of London, UK, where recent research has taken place. Researchers haven't been able to watch what happens in the brain when earworms occur, because they happen unpredictably. Much of what is known about them comes from surveys, questionnaires, diaries and lab experiments.
B A Goldsmiths study published in the journal Memory and Cognition this year showed that the singing we hear in our heads tends to be true to actual recordings. Researchers had 17 volunteers tap to the beat of any earworm they heard during a four-day period while a device attached to their wrist recorded their movements. The tapping tempos were within 10% of the tempos of the original recordings. Another Goldsmiths study, published this year in Consciousness and Cognition, found that people who report hearing earworms often, and find them most intrusive, have slightly different brain structures, with more gray matter in areas associated with processing emotions.
C Studies also show that the music in our heads often starts playing during times of 'low cognitive load', such as while showering, getting dressed, walking, or doing chores. Dr Stewart likens earworms to ‘sonic screen savers’ that keep the mind entertained while it is otherwise unoccupied. She and her colleagues tested that theory by having volunteers listen to songs and giving them various tasks afterwards. The volunteers who sat idly for the next five minutes were the most likely to report hearing the music m their heads. Dr Stewart observed that the more challenging the activity, the less likely the volunteers were to hear the music. Diary studies also show songs tend to match people's moods and therefore they are not random. If you are energized and upbeat, an earworm that occurs is likely to be uptempo too.
Goldsmiths study
第 18 题
Researchers from Goldsmiths concluded that the music we imagine in our minds is quite similar to recordings. They proved this by asking volunteers to record the rhythm of music using a monitor on their _____. Further research has demonstrated that those who hear earworms more frequently have brains that may deal with ____ differently from other people, Dr Stewart also believes that the brain is ____ by earworms when it is not focused on a task. In fact, a reduction in the occurrence of earworms was found to be directly related to how ____ the task was. Interestingly, volunteers’ diaries revealed that the songs they heard inside their head reflected their moods, so the choice of music is not accidental.
正确答案：wrist
第 19 题
Researchers from Goldsmiths concluded that the music we imagine in our minds is quite similar to recordings. They proved this by asking volunteers to record the rhythm of music using a monitor on their ____. Further research has demonstrated that those who hear earworms more frequently have brains that may deal with _____ differently from other people, Dr Stewart also believes that the brain is ____ by earworms when it is not focused on a task. In fact, a reduction in the occurrence of earworms was found to be directly related to how ____ the task was. Interestingly, volunteers’ diaries revealed that the songs they heard inside their head reflected their moods, so the choice of music is not accidental.
正确答案：emotions
第 20 题
Researchers from Goldsmiths concluded that the music we imagine in our minds is quite similar to recordings. They proved this by asking volunteers to record the rhythm of music using a monitor on their ____. Further research has demonstrated that those who hear earworms more frequently have brains that may deal with ____ differently from other people, Dr Stewart also believes that the brain is _____ by earworms when it is not focused on a task. In fact, a reduction in the occurrence of earworms was found to be directly related to how ____ the task was. Interestingly, volunteers’ diaries revealed that the songs they heard inside their head reflected their moods, so the choice of music is not accidental.
正确答案：entertained
第 21 题
Researchers from Goldsmiths concluded that the music we imagine in our minds is quite similar to recordings. They proved this by asking volunteers to record the rhythm of music using a monitor on their ____. Further research has demonstrated that those who hear earworms more frequently have brains that may deal with ____ differently from other people, Dr Stewart also believes that the brain is ____ by earworms when it is not focused on a task. In fact, a reduction in the occurrence of earworms was found to be directly related to how _____ the task was. Interestingly, volunteers’ diaries revealed that the songs they heard inside their head reflected their moods, so the choice of music is not accidental.