Module 5 - Section 3 段落填空 - Part 2 - Exercise 23

Module 5 - Section 3 段落填空 - Part 2
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练习说明

Questions 24-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.

原文

B At first sight the battle between keyboards and handwriting might seem to be no more than the latest twist in a very long story, yet another new tool that we will end up getting used to. But experts on writing do not agree: handwriting and keyboards bring into play very different cognitive processes. 'Handwriting is a complex task which requires various skills -feeling the pen and paper, moving the writing implement, and directing movement by thought,' says Edouard Gentaz, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. 'Children take several years to master this precise motor exercise.' Operating a keyboard is not the same: all you have to do is press the right key. It is easy enough for children to learn very fast, but above all, the movement is exactly the same whatever the letter. Gentaz believes that giving up handwriting will affect how coming generations learn to read.

C A 2012 study led by Dr Karin James, a psychologist at Indiana University in the USA, lent support to that view. Young children who had not yet learned to read and write were asked to reproduce a letter e.g. 'a' or 'b' in one of two ways: draw it on a blank white sheet, or type it on a computer. They were then placed in a brain scanner and shown the image again. The researchers found that children who had copied a letter freehand exhibited increased activity in three areas of the brain that are also activated in adults when they read and write. By contrast, children who typed the letter showed no such effect. This study suggests that it is only the actual effort of writing that delivers the learning benefits. Dr James points out that when writing by hand, we are likely to produce a result that is highly variable. That variability may itself be a learning tool. 'When a kid produces a messy letter,' Dr James said, 'that might help him learn it'. Our brain must understand that each possible repetition of, say, the letter 'a' is the same, no matter how we see it written.

Young children and learning to write
第 24 题
Edouard Gentaz thinks that if people stop learning handwriting, how people learn to _____ will be affected far into the future. In young children with limited literacy skills there appears to be a link between writing by hand and reading. In a study by Dr James, it was shown that if these children are shown a ____, which they then draw, the effect on their brains is similar to the effect reading and writing has on the brains of ____
第 25 题
Edouard Gentaz thinks that if people stop learning handwriting, how people learn to ____ will be affected far into the future. In young children with limited literacy skills there appears to be a link between writing by hand and reading. In a study by Dr James, it was shown that if these children are shown a _____, which they then draw, the effect on their brains is similar to the effect reading and writing has on the brains of ____
第 26 题
Edouard Gentaz thinks that if people stop learning handwriting, how people learn to ____ will be affected far into the future. In young children with limited literacy skills there appears to be a link between writing by hand and reading. In a study by Dr James, it was shown that if these children are shown a ____, which they then draw, the effect on their brains is similar to the effect reading and writing has on the brains of _____
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