Questions 36 - 40 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
原文
F Having identified three categories of defensive behaviors, Kalin and Shelton set about determining when infant monkeys first begin to apply them effectively. Several lines of work had led them to surmise that the ability to make such choices emerges when an infant is around two months old. To establish the critical period of development, they examined four groups of infant monkeys ranging in age up to 12 weeks old. The babies were separated from their mothers, left to acclimatize to a cage, and then exposed to the alone, no-eye-contact and stare conditions. All sessions were videotaped for analysis. They found that the infants in the youngest group (no more than two weeks old) engaged in defensive behaviors. But they lacked some motor control and seemed to act randomly, as if they had not noticed the human beings that were present. Babies in the two intermediate-age groups had good motor control, but their actions seemed unrelated to the test condition. Only animals in the oldest group (nine-to 12-week olds) conducted themselves differently in each situation, and their reactions were both appropriate and identical to those of mature monkeys. This finding meant motor control was not the prime determinant of selective responding and that nine to 12 weeks is the critical age for the appearance of a monkeys ability to adaptively modulate its defensive activity to meet changing demands.
第 36 题
Once they had identified three types of defensive behaviour, Kalin and Shelton grouped the monkeys according to their _____, in order to discover precisely when they were able to respond appropriately to different fear-related cues. They videotaped their results and found that monkeys as young as ____ reacted to the cues but in a haphazard fashion. The researchers noted that they seemed to be unaware of the ____ who were around them. Despite demonstrating ____, the monkeys in the middle groups failed to react in ways corresponding to the experimental situation. The oldest group, however, reacted in the same way as ____ and the researchers concluded that monkeys are capable of selective responding between nine and 12 weeks old.
正确答案：age
第 37 题
Once they had identified three types of defensive behaviour, Kalin and Shelton grouped the monkeys according to their ____, in order to discover precisely when they were able to respond appropriately to different fear-related cues. They videotaped their results and found that monkeys as young as _____ reacted to the cues but in a haphazard fashion. The researchers noted that they seemed to be unaware of the ____ who were around them. Despite demonstrating ____, the monkeys in the middle groups failed to react in ways corresponding to the experimental situation. The oldest group, however, reacted in the same way as ____ and the researchers concluded that monkeys are capable of selective responding between nine and 12 weeks old.
正确答案：two weeks
第 38 题
Once they had identified three types of defensive behaviour, Kalin and Shelton grouped the monkeys according to their ____, in order to discover precisely when they were able to respond appropriately to different fear-related cues. They videotaped their results and found that monkeys as young as ____ reacted to the cues but in a haphazard fashion. The researchers noted that they seemed to be unaware of the _____ who were around them. Despite demonstrating ____, the monkeys in the middle groups failed to react in ways corresponding to the experimental situation. The oldest group, however, reacted in the same way as ____ and the researchers concluded that monkeys are capable of selective responding between nine and 12 weeks old.
正确答案：human beings
第 39 题
Once they had identified three types of defensive behaviour, Kalin and Shelton grouped the monkeys according to their ____, in order to discover precisely when they were able to respond appropriately to different fear-related cues. They videotaped their results and found that monkeys as young as ____ reacted to the cues but in a haphazard fashion. The researchers noted that they seemed to be unaware of the ____ who were around them. Despite demonstrating _____, the monkeys in the middle groups failed to react in ways corresponding to the experimental situation. The oldest group, however, reacted in the same way as ____ and the researchers concluded that monkeys are capable of selective responding between nine and 12 weeks old.
正确答案：motor control
第 40 题
Once they had identified three types of defensive behaviour, Kalin and Shelton grouped the monkeys according to their ____, in order to discover precisely when they were able to respond appropriately to different fear-related cues. They videotaped their results and found that monkeys as young as ____ reacted to the cues but in a haphazard fashion. The researchers noted that they seemed to be unaware of the ____ who were around them. Despite demonstrating ____, the monkeys in the middle groups failed to react in ways corresponding to the experimental situation. The oldest group, however, reacted in the same way as _____ and the researchers concluded that monkeys are capable of selective responding between nine and 12 weeks old.