Questions 36 – 40 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.
原文
C Jane Raymond, a consumer psychologist at the University of Wales in Bangor, UK, thinks she knows why. In an experiment conducted in the early 1990s Raymond showed people a stream of letters and numbers on a screen and asked them to look out for a white letter and an X. When she asked her volunteers afterwards what they had seen, she found that if the X came up to half a second or so after the white letter, or vice versa, people failed to see it. Raymond concluded that if something catches your attention, your brain is blind to anything else for a short period afterwards. She called this effect the ‘attentional blink’. It has since become an established example of how our awareness plummets when the brain is occupied, according to Nilli Lavie, a psychologist specialising in attention at University College London. And attentional blink is just one of a range of ‘grand failures of awareness’ that occur when our attention is overloaded, says Lavie. ‘People can be blind to all sorts of information. Considering that the whole point of advertising is to catch your attention, this would seem to be extremely relevant for advertisers.’ Unless advertising is presented in a way the brain can absorb, it simply is not seen, Raymond says.
Jane Raymond’s experiment
第 36 题
Volunteers were presented with a _____ on which they could see a continuous sequence of letters and numbers, and were asked to look out for a white letter and an X. Jane Raymond observed that the volunteers tended to miss seeing the white letter if it appeared within a period of approximately ____ following the X, and vice versa. Her findings suggest that our brain becomes momentarily ____ to outside stimuli for a short while after our attention has been caught. This phenomenon, known as ____ , has now become accepted as an example of the way in which a person’s ____ of what is going on around them decreases when the brain is occupied.
正确答案：screen
第 37 题
Volunteers were presented with a ____ on which they could see a continuous sequence of letters and numbers, and were asked to look out for a white letter and an X. Jane Raymond observed that the volunteers tended to miss seeing the white letter if it appeared within a period of approximately _____ following the X, and vice versa. Her findings suggest that our brain becomes momentarily ____ to outside stimuli for a short while after our attention has been caught. This phenomenon, known as ____ , has now become accepted as an example of the way in which a person’s ____ of what is going on around them decreases when the brain is occupied.
正确答案：half a second
第 38 题
Volunteers were presented with a ____ on which they could see a continuous sequence of letters and numbers, and were asked to look out for a white letter and an X. Jane Raymond observed that the volunteers tended to miss seeing the white letter if it appeared within a period of approximately ____ following the X, and vice versa. Her findings suggest that our brain becomes momentarily _____ to outside stimuli for a short while after our attention has been caught. This phenomenon, known as ____ , has now become accepted as an example of the way in which a person’s ____ of what is going on around them decreases when the brain is occupied.
正确答案：blind
第 39 题
Volunteers were presented with a ____ on which they could see a continuous sequence of letters and numbers, and were asked to look out for a white letter and an X. Jane Raymond observed that the volunteers tended to miss seeing the white letter if it appeared within a period of approximately ____ following the X, and vice versa. Her findings suggest that our brain becomes momentarily ____ to outside stimuli for a short while after our attention has been caught. This phenomenon, known as _____ , has now become accepted as an example of the way in which a person’s ____ of what is going on around them decreases when the brain is occupied.
正确答案：attentional blink
第 40 题
Volunteers were presented with a ____ on which they could see a continuous sequence of letters and numbers, and were asked to look out for a white letter and an X. Jane Raymond observed that the volunteers tended to miss seeing the white letter if it appeared within a period of approximately ____ following the X, and vice versa. Her findings suggest that our brain becomes momentarily ____ to outside stimuli for a short while after our attention has been caught. This phenomenon, known as ____ , has now become accepted as an example of the way in which a person’s _____ of what is going on around them decreases when the brain is occupied.