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Question 7 – 13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
原文
Urban planning
China relocated large numbers of families whose homes lay in the path of the tracks, and quickly built new residential and commercial districts around high-speed train stations. Other families have also been attracted to these areas, typically situated in suburbs instead of in the older downtown areas. More than ten million farm families move to cities each year, a trend clearly visible at the Changsha high-speed train station. When the station opened at the end of 2009, the neighborhood was initially quiet. But a vibrant new area of apartment towers, commercial office buildings and hotels has opened near the train station.
China’s success may not be easily reproduced in the West. China has at least four times the population of the United States, and the great bulk of its people live in the eastern third of the country. This has allowed the high-speed trains to link to other aspects of urban life. For instance, China’s high-speed rail program has been integrated with the world’s most ambitious subway construction program. That provides easy access to rail stations for huge numbers of people. China’s prime minister has endorsed further expansion of the high-speed rail network.
Other impacts
However, China’s new rail system has a downside. Apart from citizens having to relocate to new urban areas, the government is already having to manage nearly $500 billion in overall rail debt. Most of it was to finance the high-speed rail system using private bank loans. Another impact has been air travel. Train travel has soared partly because China has set fares on high-speed rail lines at a little less than half of comparable airfares. Ticket prices have stayed the same while workers’ wages have more than doubled; thus, many have switched to high-speed trains. Despite this, domestic airline traffic has still been growing 10 percent a year. This is true even though the price of jet fuel has risen dramatically over the past few years. The Chinese now have enough disposable income to use the train for shorter trips and fly to more distant parts of the country. Thus, airlines have reduced the quantity of flights on many of their shorter routes, while trains now provide less expensive shorter journeys.
High-speed trains have also had an impact on the way business is done within the country. Now, small-scale producers deep inside China are able to reach bigger markets in the more developed coastal areas. High-speed trains are also prompting foreign executives to look deeper in China for suppliers as wages surge along the east coast.
However, some have criticized the new subway lines, rail lines and urban districts as an indication of China’s heavy reliance on investment to stimulate growth. Despite repeated calls for a shift to more consumer-led growth, it shows little sign of changing. The government has publicly endorsed further expansion of the high-speed rail network. The country is planning to invest $100 billion a year in its train system for years to come.