练习说明
段落填空 题目要求： 阅读文段，从文中挑选原词补全句子，每道题目都有特定的字数要求，以黑体加粗字标示。请把答案填到每题空缺处。
Questions 7 – 13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
原文
Another development in England in the 1800s was more profound. Picnics were adopted by the emerging middle classes and moved outside. What caused this change is unclear, but the most likely explanation is that the English simply applied a fashionable French word to a pre-existing practice, without being aware of what it meant. One of the results was that music ceased to be provided at picnics, which became just rather plain, open-air meals to which people were invited by a host. Another was that it became both more ‘genteel’ and — thanks to the idealisation of the countryside — more innocent.
In the decades which followed, this form of picnic found its way to the United States. As was only to be expected, it remained a refined activity most popular with the middle classes in cities; but unlike in England, its setting was associated more with a flight from civilisation than with childlike simplicity. Though still tinged with innocence, paintings of picnics by well-known American artists — such as those by Winslow Homer — tended, therefore, to contain fewer gently rolling fields than shown by English artists and instead had more gnarled trees and rough mountains.
Picnics in the open air were less well received elsewhere, however. Though the restoration of the French monarchy was accompanied by the return of picnicking to France, their indoor version still predominated, especially among the aristocracy. But the legacy of revolutionary equality in France also opened up the picnic there to others lower down the social scale. By the mid-19th century, even members of the working classes in France were starting to adopt the practice. When outdoor picnics eventually did begin to gain ground in France, they were regarded with considerable suspicion. Perhaps because of a growing reaction in France against the Romantic idealisation of nature, they were not seen as innocent and wholesome, as they were in England and the United States.
In general, not until the early 20th century did the outdoor picnic prevail over the indoor kind. Particularly in England, the development of different forms of transport and the acceleration of social change made the countryside accessible to a far greater proportion of the population. Before long, the popularity of the picnic had grown so much that specialist picnic baskets were being produced for the mass market and their contents were becoming more standardised.
Over the last 100 years, picnics have undergone still further changes largely as a result of the international availability of a huge variety of food and the development of new technologies that make it possible for perishable food to be transported over long distances. Picnics will undoubtedly continue to evolve in the future. Shifting patterns of trade will almost certainly continue to change the foods we pack for a picnic. But whatever happens, one thing is certain: as long as there are friends with whom to share a meal, there will be few things so pleasant as a picnic lunch.