练习说明
段落填空 题目要求： 阅读文段，从文中挑选原词补全句子，每道题目都有特定的字数要求，以黑体加粗字标示。请把答案填到每题空缺处。
Questions 9 - 13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
原文
Dyes that gave fabrics a good bright color and were able to withstand washing and exposure to sunlight without losing their color were highly prized. The names of some of these valued and traded colors are still familiar today. The color known as Tyrian purple, for example, originated in the Mediterranean 2,000 years ago, and cochineal is the name given to the red dye from Latin America. Both of these 1/14 colors came from animals; the mucus found in certain species of shellfish produced the deep rich Tyrian purple and cochineal was extracted from insects. Two other natural sources of color were saffron and indigo. Saffron, the base of yellow dyes, comes from the flowers of a particular kind oi crocus which is thought to have first been cultivated on Crete in the eastern Mediterranean. The leaves of a plant native to India were used to produce indigo, which was the main source of the color blue.
As societies developed over the centuries the demand for dyes and dyed fabric grew, and by the 17th century a world wide shipping and trading network was in place, allowing dyestuffs. from all parts of the world to be brought to Europe. This meant that numerous dyestuffs could the blended to create a variety of colors for tie rich and powerful. Fiber dyeing in the lower Classes was a bit more restrictive . Without the money to buy exotic imported dyes, clothing in the country side tended to be black, brown, grey and tan. Country people had some resources they could use to get a wider range of colors. They had always used local plants as food, and many of these plants were also used as medicines and in some cases as sources of dyes. Home dyers used any plants they could find that would give a good color. People who picked blackberries to make jam soon recognized this wild fruit as a source for a blue dye. Washing beehives in preparation for making mead (a popular drink containing honey) yielded a liquid that could be used as a yellow dye. The mosses which grow in many parts of Europe were used to produce green dye.
With the tremendous rise of interest in chemistry in the mid-19th century, several important innovations in dyeing came about. W H Perkin, a student of celebrated European scientist Wilhelm von Hofmann, accidentally discovered the first synthetic dye, later called mauve. The color was so popular that Perkin was able to open a factory of his own and went on to develop more synthetic dye colors. Synthetic dye production grew in Europe, and hardly a year passed until the end of the century without a new synthetic dye being patented.