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Questions 1-5
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
原文
The traditional view of the history of farming is that it all began in response to the shortage of food for foraging and hunting in the dry conditions after the Ice Age about 8,000- 10,000 years ago. But most experts now agree that this doesn't account for the variations in the times when farming first appeared around the world - 11.000 years ago in the Middle East,8,000 years ago in China and10,000 years ago in South America. If anything.crop farming may have developed in times of plenty.
Later findings indicated that the first crops were actually grown before the end of the Ice Age. Previously, the oldest known arable farms were in the Middle East, where people were growing things such as emmerwheat (a forerunner of modern wheatstrains), barley, rye, and lentils. However, in2005, researchers working near the Sea of Galilee in Israel discovered a site known as Ohalo II. Here.at least 23,000 years ago.people used seeds of wild grasses such as emmer wheat and barley, and ground them into flour to make bread.
When arable farming did start, the effect on the human way of life was dramatic. No longer did people have to move around hunting and foraging. To plant, tend and harvest their crops, people had to settle permanently and build houses and villages. The need to organize labour, planting.harvesting and storage, and the availability of surpluses for trading soon led to the development of the first towns and cities, the first governments, writing and everything else that we associate with the growth of civilization.